Leadership
Leadership is too broad a term that refers to
too many things and attributes.
Besides, fundamentally leadership varies from
domain to domain.
There are some quotations with almost
omnipresent and universal relevance and the impacts through what they convey
are so strong that I almost tend to apply them in different contexts and in various topics.
Readymade templates of reference
One set is for the reverence that we must show
to the purple pages of past glory of human race which are documented and passed
on to us as readymade templates of
reference which thereby save lot of energy and time from repeating certain
experiments and experiences.
These two following quotes convey them
“If I have seen further than others, it is by
standing upon the shoulders of giants”- Isaac Newton
Shakespeare once said “I have bought
golden opinions from all sorts of people”.
Direction to avoid proceeding without bias
Then there is preferable processes which at least give direction to avoid proceeding without bias
These two following quotes convey them
William Lyon Phelps puts it, “One
of our secrets of life is to keep our intellectual curiosity acute”.
Or as Thomas H. Huxley says, “Sit down
before fact as a little child, be prepared to give up every preconceived
notion, follow humbly wherever and whatever abysses nature leads, or you will
learn nothing.”
Why certain domains dominate the discourse at certain times?
How and why
certain domains have dominated the discourse or narrative or acted as
preferred frames of reference to perceive the world to enable human beings to
decipher the world.
The following quote captures that
“Humans have a need for a stable frame of
reference. Religion apparently fills this need. In effect, humans crave answers
to questions that no other source of knowledge has an answer to, which only
religion may seem to answer. However, a sense of free will must be given in
order for religion to appear healthy. An authoritarian notion of religion appears
detrimental.”- Erich Fromm,
Later on, it was philosophical ,intellectual
reasoning, then scientific processes ,then socio-political schemes ,followed by
technological development and so on.
Universal reality and the open ended processes of evolution
Then there are some quotes that reveal the inevitable universal reality and the open ended
processes of evolution
These quotes reveal them perfectly
“In the end nothing less than the whole of
everything can be the truth of anything at all”- William James
“We live in a changing universe, and few
things are changing faster than our conception of it”-Timothy Ferris
“There
is no tomorrow. There is only a planet turning on its axis, and a creature
given to optimistic fancies”-Robert Brault
“Evolution itself is an open ended and
indeterminate process”… “Given the remarkable progress in our understanding of
biochemistry, molecular biology, and evolution as a whole … we have failed to
develop concepts, ideas, even a language that could capture the dance of this
life” - Guy Murchie
"Either you deal with what is the reality
or you can be sure that the reality is going to deal with you." - Alex
Haley
Willingness to go beyond all our confirmation bias and comfort zones to
emancipate
The following quote presents that well
"The important thing is this: to be able
to give up in any given moment all that we are for what we can
become." --DeSeaux
So, coming to leadership we need to tread
carefully countering all sorts of
criticisms and controversies.
First premise is that there is
no single template of leadership that fits for
all domains.
Therefore, the term
leadership eludes both over
generalization and over simplification.
However , there are some basic qualities/
characteristics/ aspects that are almost indispensable for any leader in any domain.
If we sprinkle a bunch of terminologies into a
sieve of wordle then we may be able to discern a few terms that
refer to the basic qualities of a leader.
Leadership is neither an abstract philosophical concept nor a concrete structure meant
as a container.
So, all hyperbolic sensational sayings, claims,
quotes on leadership may not be of relevance in all contexts because leadership
is not an abstract philosophical concept.
Similarly, any straight jacket rules of dos and don'ts may not hold much water as leadership is not a concrete
structure meant as a container.
we need to keep the refrain that leadership is predominantly contextual.
Of course,
as in many human activities here too there are reference manuals from
that past as well as intelligent visualization of the future and the present
contexts which give room for maneuvering to manifest what is expected of a
leader.
How can we evaluate a leader
Leadership too, to reiterate, is like many
things, contextual and obviously, there are vast differences between a
political leader, business leader, religious leader etc.
This, I feel is much required because
leadership is mix of many things and skill sets both of which are acquired over
time through many ways.
Leadership also
involves effective unbiased observation, unconditioned grasp and perception of
the pulse of the domain at a particular time and place in which one is a leader.
Leadership in brief is a very delicate mixture
of instincts, impulses, inculcated intelligent methodologies, intrigues,
interpretations, innate responses and many other important things.
Besides, even within specific domains and
contexts we also have multiple nuances to be adopted and executed depending on
the evolving situations.
Leadership qualities
Among the many aspects required of a leader
the predominant features may preferably be an attitude of flexibility; ability
to take initiatives with clarity and conviction; be the change that one expects from others; proper
perspective and involved commitment with total intensity and intense totality;
the perception of multiple nuances of existing contexts and situations along
with a cleverness, alertness and capabilities to predict and to be prepared to
deal with emerging and evolving situations; be capable of seeing through the complexity of a problem and slice its multitude of
components into simple units and conceptualize and offer solutions.
"The role of leadership is to transform the complex
situation into small pieces and prioritize them." --Carlos Ghosn
Art of articulation is a vital virtue of any leader
Articulation must be a communication that
offers simple solutions , uses diplomatic vocabulary and leaves a lingering
impact in the mind .
“Great
leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who can cut through argument,
debate and doubt to offer a solution everybody can understand.” – Gen.
Colin Powell, former U.S. Secretary of State
A leader has to initiative and not imitate.
A leader as Barbara Marciniaksaid has to
initiate,
“Everything changes when you start to emit
your own frequency rather than absorbing the frequencies around you, when you
start imprinting your intent on the universe rather than receiving an imprint
from existence.”
"...The goal is not to speculate on what
might happen, but to imagine what you can actually make happen...." Gary
Hamel in Leading the Revolution
“Some
people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen.”
– Michael Jordan, Hall of Fame basketball superstar
“A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the
way.” ~ John C. Maxwell
Inside my empty bottle I was constructing a lighthouse while all
the others were making ships. ~Charles Simic
"One of the tests of leadership is the ability to
recognize a problem before it becomes an emergency." --Arnold
Glasow
"A leader is one who sees more than others see,
who sees farther than others see, and who sees before others see." --Leroy
Eimes
Leader has to lead through personal capability as example
“A
person always doing his or her best becomes a natural leader, just by example.”
– Joe DiMaggio, former New York Yankees outfielder & Hall of Fame
Baseball Player
You can't lead anyone else further than you have gone
yourself. ~Gene Mauch
“If your actions create a legacy that inspires others to
dream more, learn more, do more and become more, then, you are an excellent
leader.”
― Dolly Parton
― Dolly Parton
Courage of
conviction clearing away fear factor and hesitation
Leaders are visionaries with a poorly developed sense of fear
and no concept of the odds against them. ~Robert Jarvik
“You can never cross the ocean until you have the courage to
lose sight of the shore.” ~ Christopher Columbus
Be the change
"When I was a young man, I wanted to
change the world. I found it was difficult to change the world, so I tried to
change my nation. When I found I couldn't change the nation, I began to focus
on my town. I couldn't change the town and as an older man, I tried to change
my family. Now, as an old man, I realize the only thing I can change is myself,
and suddenly I realize that if long ago I had changed myself, I could have made
an impact on my family. My family and I could have made an impact on our town.
Their impact could have changed the nation and I could indeed have changed the
world." -Author Unknown on Changing the World.
Being sensitive to the needs of
the led and injecting sense into shared values
"...In a very real sense, followers lead by choosing
where to be led. Where an organised community will be led is inseparable from
the shared values and beliefs of its members..." Dee Hock - The Art of
Chaordic Leadership
"The greatest leaders mobilize others by coalescing
people around a shared vision." --Ken Blanchard
"One will weave the canvas; another will fell a tree by
the light of his ax. Yet another will forge nails, and there will be others who
observe the stars to learn how to navigate. And yet all will be as one.
Building a boat isn't about weaving canvas, forging nails, or reading the sky.
It's about giving a shared taste for the sea, by the light of which you will
see nothing contradictory but rather a community of love. ~Antoine de
Saint-Exupéry, Citadelle, 1948, translated from French [Thanks, Garson O'Toole!
"A good leader leads the people from above them. A great
leader leads the people from within them."--M. D. Arnold
"All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in
common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of
their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of
leadership." --John Kenneth Galbraith
Leader must direct through
impact and inspire others
“The
task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have
not been.” ― Henry Kissinger, former U.S. National
Security Advisor and Secretary of State
"A leader takes people where they want to go. A
great leader takes people where they don't necessarily want to go, but ought to
be." --Rosalynn Carter
“Leadership is not about titles, positions, or flow charts. It
is about one life influencing another.” ~ John C. Maxwell
"A
genuine leader is not a searcher for consensus but a molder of
consensus." --Martin Luther King Jr.
The real leader has no need to lead - he is content to point
the way. ~Henry Miller, The Wisdom of the Heart
"A leader is a person you will follow to a place you
would not go by yourself." --Joel Barker
Leadership is about making others better as a result of your
presence and making sure that impact lasts in your absence. Sheryl Sandberg
Leader as force multiplier
Leaders don't create followers, they create more leaders.
~Tom Peters
"The function of leadership is to produce more
leaders, not more followers." --Ralph Nader
“Power isn’t control at all~ power is strength, and giving that
strength to others. A leader isn’t someone who forces others to make him
stronger; a leader is someone willing to give his strength to others that they
may have the strength to stand on their own.” ~ Beth Revis
"Before you are a leader, success is all about growing
yourself. When you become a leader, success is all about growing
others." --Jack Welch
"As we look ahead into the next century, leaders
will be those who empower others." --Bill Gates
Leadership is about compassion and listening
"A true leader has the confidence to stand alone,
the courage to make tough decisions, and the compassion to listen to the needs
of others. He does not set out to be a leader, but becomes one by the equality
of his actions and the integrity of his intent." --Douglas
MacArthur
"You cannot be a leader, and ask other people to follow
you, unless you know how to follow, too." --Sam Rayburn
“Ninety percent of leadership is the ability to communicate
something people want.” – Dianne Feinstein, U.S. Senator
Leadership is a wholesome package of multiple
facets all of which are responsible to ensure maximum possible happiness, peace
and prosperity to the maximum number for/to whom the leadership is answerable.
However, for all types of leadership there
could be certain common and broadly defined universal aspects of wisdom which in my humble opinion could be
like the following list, irrespective of whether they are sanctioned or
sanctified by any ideological, social or religious isms.
Wisdom- the ultimate test of leadership
The following list is based on the view that wisdom is the work shop where works of evolutionary trends and
experiences of everyone in it emerge to express wisely the essence of
everything to enlighten everyone.
A wisdom
which prioritizes living in the present context and along with
practicing certain time tested values which have relevance in present context
but with global perspective to bequeath a livable planet, a lovable society
with lovely infrastructures and improved living conditions;
A wisdom
that evaluates everything and everyone with
contextual relevance and based on the inherent attributes or merits of what or
who is being evaluated without extrapolating any presumptions, opinions,
judgments, perceptions, expectations, ideologies, doctrines, identity based
ideology and so on;
A wisdom
which is willing to make minor
adjustments, small compromises, spontaneous cooperation to create compatible
and conducive atmosphere with humility devoid of any egocentric or ethnocentric
pride;
A wisdom with the realization and a perspective that must be aware that
life is a constant process of learning of the multiple dimensions of many
things and the various dynamics of those dimensions involving the constant
interaction and interrelationship with everyone and everything.
A wisdom
that is willing to accommodate multiple methods or means of life with some
overall tolerant attitude embedded on humanitarian concerns towards all human
life and environmental or natural concern towards all other species.
A wisdom
that gets its clarity of understanding through a churning process that
takes into consideration several aspects from the practical to the
philosophical to the all fantasies of the mind.
A wisdom
that both visualizes and works towards creating a synergy and synthesis amid
varying constraints and demands in the overall interest of all human beings and all other life forms on
this planet.
Leaders must get to know as many ideas and to get an idea of how
to exercise options.
“The best way to have a
good idea is to have a lot of ideas.” ~ Linus Pauling
So, leadership is a package and pact.
The script of leadership may be embedded with
certain repetitions as leadership has to be constantly and repeatedly reminded
of its priority of the role and responsibilities rather than the mere
position of authority though that is also an important component of
leadership.
I shall explain the package in detail later
on..
"...A key psychology for leading (is
to).. retain absolute faith that you can and will prevail in the end regardless
of the difficulties, and at the same time confront the most brutal facts of
your current reality, whatever they might be... Create a culture.. for the
truth to be heard. Creating a climate where truth is heard involves four basic
practices:
1 Lead with questions, not answers.
2 Engage in dialogue, not coercion.
3. Conduct autopsies without blame. and
4. Build red flag mechanisms that turn
information into information that cannot be ignored."
Leadership does not begin just with vision. It
begins with getting people to confront the brutal facts and to act on the
implications..." Jim Collins - Good to Great
KARMA, DHRAMA, LEADERSHIP and BHAGWAN SHRI KRISHNA
The whole import or essence of the topic is to
explore and understand the CONCEPTS involved behind every term of
the topic.
KARMA, DHRAMA, LEADERSHIP and BHAGWAN SHRI KRISHNA. We are going to see the
concept of BHAGWAN SHRI KRISHNA.
Now let us get down to understand what the
terms mean and from there the concepts that they convey.
The two words "karma" and "dharma" are
both of Sanskrit origin. They are complementary in their meaning.
Karma-[karman] - "act, action, by extension it means the universal
principle of cause and effect, action and reaction that governs all life.That’s
why this term has heaped upon itself a horde of connotations forming a carapace
of meanings wherein the original essence of the term has been lost and along
with it the concept that it represented. Every term in Sanskrit especially used
in specific contexts has immense intrinsic value.
Unfortunately
we in our enthusiasm either to denounce its importance or announce its
significance have injected our own interpretations, justification etc and have
distorted it.
That’s
why the term karma too conjures up a
variety of images ethical-moral, psychological, metaphysical, mystical and
mundane ranging from a rigid law of merciless retribution to deterministic
fatalism and has been interpreted in terms of deterministic horizontal
relationships. Karma therefore simply put is act or action
that takes place both inevitably [happenings beyond our control and
comprehension- to these we can only react wherein our attitude plays a part] or
through intentional and involved voluntary initiation [action which we perform
and herein we are in total control or at least comprehension of the factors
that contribute to the action] in both types of deeds /cases Dharma is
a complementary and both are interconnected.
In fact Karma and Dharma are
like the horizontal and vertical planes of a staircase that contribute to the
growth and emancipation of human beings.
Even if Karma is understood
in the narrow sense as fatalism Dharma is the freewill. So, correctly
understood fate and freewill are like the
horizontal and vertical planes of staircase that enable you to evolve.
How is Dharma complementary
and interconnected to inevitable happenings and voluntary actions?
In the case of inevitable happenings Dharma manifests
itself in the form of proper attitude based reactions to the happenings.
In the case of voluntary happenings Dharma requires
you to perform or act in the best interest of humanity as per the situation and
as per the laws of universally applicable ethical and moral values.
So, probably Karma includes
within its gamut only
Kind Appropriate Righteous Magnanimous Actions
That’s why the key to the spiritual life is
the transmutation of karma into dharma.
The ultimate meaning of karma is
to be identified with interconnectedness and interpenetration of all that exist
out there.
They are ultimately, a network of
multidimensional relationships. That’s why karma is both actions and their
inevitable results. The cause and effect of all happenings as mentioned in the
beginning the
universal principle of cause and effect, action and reaction that governs all
life.
Dharma, is performing the acts in the best ways
possible and ensure thereby best results as well as put up the proper perspective
and attitude oriented reactions to all happenings.
These
explanations of Karma and Dharma clearly
indicate that the concepts that these terms refer to are the traits of
paramount importance of leadership.
We
shall delineate further on these concepts later on and see how relevant and
effective are they?
Now
the other term in the topic.
Why BHAGWAN SHRI KRISHNA?
Google will boggle you with thousands of
articles and entries on this subject.
If I am going to reproduce what has been
already discussed by many I will be churning out another material that will be
cached plagiarism culled from several sources.
Nor am I willing to get into a lengthy
diatribe of describing what is corporate leadership and political leadership
and why only through karma and dharma of BHAGAWAN SRI KRISHANKRISHNA- and all
that bla bla.
Nor am I planning to offer any templates to
any leadership.
True leadership is not experience-driven nor
emotion oriented it emerges out of enlightenment born out of karma and
dharma. Who else can be a better example of this type of leadership
than BHAGWAN SRI KRISHNA.
LEADERSHIP cannot be
formulated in advance. It emerges out of enlightened synergy of judgment,
cooperation, and creativity relevant to specific context. Leadership too is
measured by its effectiveness in the context. It is not the byproduct of
analytical planning or pre -programming.
I am not trying to contemporize the concepts
or percepts of KRISHNA for modern day management. If I do so
then I will be belittling KRISHNA’Steachings as
products stocked in some attic of a museum and that as if I am resurrecting
them with my intellect and breathing life in to them by contemporizing them
etc. No not at all.
The fact is that Krishna and his teachings are
invaluable and timeless. The events in Krishna’s life can be calendared but we
cannot confine the impact of his teachings to time and consign them as
mythological or historical.
I am driven by certain convictions. I
operate always with these convictions as the base in my sub
consciousness i.e. I analyze and associate, emotionalize and
evaluate, reach out and research, understand and unite.
What are these convictions:-
First, is not to be hypocritical,
because hypocrisy accumulates so much of artificiality that at some point of
time we may forget our original self totally.
Second, to see how best we can synergize
with relevant men and material to produce the best effects.
Third, while synergizing, try our level best
to complement and cooperate without compromising
intrinsically important things.
You all my wonder what is the purpose or
relevance of all these preamble and personal philosophizing.
It is because these are the inevitable
subjective elements or factors that will impact my approach to the topic.
Why Krishna? Because as a born Hindu and
besides a person looking for philosophical vindications, practical solutions,
scientific approaches and non compulsive principles applicable to different
contexts and all these being prescribed by a person who has followed them in
his life as was done by Krishna naturally I am fan of Krishna and therefore my
perceptions and observations definitely have an impact of positive bias, this
positive bias increases my enthusiasm and emotional involvement that I look
forward and learn with love the teachings of Krishna.
I do not want to say hypocritically that the
only spiritual teachings de linked from religion offer us wisdom, though it is
unfortunate that many things are done in the name of religion and that does not
mean all things that are either part of or were part of religion are to be
avoided. We have enough wisdom and personal tastes, convictions, principles,
convenience, contexts to make our own healthy and intelligent choice by
filtering.
In fact religion is our inherited source of
strength or weakness depending on whether we use it for soul searching or soul
murder by smothering it with irrelevant rituals. In fact there is neither de-
linked spiritualism nor distilled wisdom there are only distilled spirit and
de- linked wisdom. As human beings we emerge through an institution called a
specific family born to specific parents then blossom on our own after the
initial incubation in the family with the help of our parents. However great we
may grow we cannot either disown or dismiss the role of our family. Similarly
even the greatest saints who have grasped the totality of spiritualism cannot
dismiss their basic incubation through religion. It is more so for ordinary
mortals like me.
So,without inhibition and with positive biased
love for lord Krishna as a Hindu I tried to understand the leadership traits
and I have been amazed to find many.
I shall give one small and first example of
manifestation of the leadership trait through karma and dharma displayed by
Bhagwan shri Krishna at the beginning of Mahabarath war. Then, later on, elucidate
the general principles of leadership and how Shri Krishna exhibited them?
1] To start with Krishna selects the most
suitable candidate from among the Pandavas to execute his tasks he chose
ARJUNA. WHY?
It was not only his expertise in archery but
because he was the most learned manifesting his honest doubts but willing to
learn. Krishna entertained all his doubts and delusions and did not force him
out of them [dharma]
Then, gradually by sheer reasoning he
removed all of Arjuna’s doubts and delusions. And once his doubts
and delusions were removed he realized the importance of performing what was
expected of him in the given situation.[karma]
As we explored in the beginning ‘The ultimate
meaning of karma is to be identified with interconnectedness
and interpenetration of all there is, because all there is, is a network of
multidimensional relationships’. The inevitable fact of life is that it is part
of the network of multidimensional relationships.
So, leadership involves linking everything and
everyone involved in this multidimensional relationships; performing and also
convincing everyone else to perform; taking responsibility and tackling
responsibly of everyone and every situation without denying or defying the
importance of any mode of human perception and anticipating and acknowledging
all types reactions.
LEADERSHIP IS
Linking
[synergizing]
Everyone’s
[synthesizing based on interrelatedness]
Abilities/ Aspirations
[inherent attributes and skills]
Dharmically
[value based on wholesome perception]
Emotionally
[compassionate attitude-feel at heart ]
Rationally
[reason with head]
Soulfully [
realization of oneness in spirit and purpose-spiritually]
Highlighting the
[ prioritizing]
Importance of
[contextual relevance of]
Performance.
[karma-activities based on all the above]
Leadership and retirement
A clever and concerned leader retires and hands
over the baton
Addictive,
obsessive, possessive, intense involvement, concentration, focus and a thousand
other synonyms that convey one's relationship and love for something, someone
or some subject are all fine but then after going through such steps, stepping
away and watching the subject of love makes the person who does so to become a
subject of love rather than an irritation.
This manifests the fact that
such people never treated anything else or anyone else also as an external
object of love but as part of their love and relationship.
This is another important
lesson in institutional and team leadership.
Besides, retirement in general is not based on
chronological age but many other factors like one’s continued interest combined
with the ability to perform in any field to the demanding expectations,
changing paradigms, the presence of better, smarter and highly competitive
performers and so on.
Going out when everyone
misses you is better than to wait till everyone wishes that you better go out.
Everything about life, including life itself,
is not so much about chronological longevity [which in any case cannot be stretched
beyond a limit] but enhancing the intrinsic values and synderesical [synderesis*]
qualities.
* "Synderesis"
["Synderesis"
is a technical term from scholastic philosophy, signifying the innate principle
in the moral consciousness of every person which directs the agent to good and
restrains him from evil].
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LEADERSHIP is no more merely about these
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But it is about these
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And more
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Authority
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Acceptance and appreciation of all
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Appropriate articulation
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Bossiness
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Bringing the best in others
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Betterment of others
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Cunning
conquests or corruption
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Choosing with conviction ; creating cosmopolitan culture without
destroying native culture
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Compassion and caring
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Dictatorship or dynasty
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Decision making for social development
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Dedicated deployment of resources for development
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Ego trips
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Empowering through economic development
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Education and employment creation and environmental protection
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Fan following and flattery
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Functioning for welfare of all
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Futuristic planning
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Grandiose life style
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Governance geared towards growth
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Giving back to society globally
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Hero worship
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Highlighting hygiene and health care as hope for the future
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Helping
everyone ensuring the happiness of the many
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Inheritance like kings
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Investing in improving living
conditions and infrastructure
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Internationally interconnecting
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Jingoism
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Joint developments internationally
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Jobs and justice to all
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Kinglike life style
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Keeping up in pace and in tune with
emerging aspirations
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Keeping
in mind the interest of all
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Luxurious living
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Leveraging on latest developments for
society
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Lay schemes for betterment of life
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Media projections
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Meaningful marching ahead into manufacturing
,market economy etc
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Make material life of people comfortable
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Nationalistic pride of the past
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Nurturing responsibility of taking care of natural resources
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Native cultures to be promoted along
with modern trends
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Opulence and opportunistic
manipulations
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Opening up a nation's collective psyche
to global opportunities.
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Operate all verticals of economic
activities to optimum level
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Power , pelf and post
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Promoting prosperity of the people and
proliferation of perspectives along with pride in ancestry
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Protecting the interests of all with a humane and philosophical
approach
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Quelling enemies or opponents
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Quality of life getting improved for all as a quid pro quo
for being a leader
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Quests for newer pastures for growth
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Royal life style
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Resource management and revenue
generation
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Rejuvenating the spirit of retired
people
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Success and sycophancy
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Social development with Scientific
temperament
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Supplying to the needs of all but
avoiding sensationalism
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Taking the throne
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Tapping into technological developments to the advantage
of all
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Teaching about the need for
transformation from tradition to trends without diluting time tested values
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Unleashing slogans
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Uniting with understanding of
interdependence and inter relatedness of
all
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Unraveling the potential multiple
sources of energy and other resources
without damaging the environment
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Vainglorious displays
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Validating the vitality of variety in
every sphere and creating synergy and synthesis of various facets of life
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Visualizing future trends
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Winning a post
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Wisdom that is
willing to accommodate multiple methods of life with some overall tolerant
attitude embedded on humanitarian concerns towards all human life and
environmental or natural concern towards all other species
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Willingness to make
minor adjustments, small compromises, spontaneous cooperation to create
compatible and conducive atmosphere with humility devoid of any egocentric or
ethnocentric pride;
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Xenophobic speeches
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Xenial exchanges to build relationships
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X-axial expansion in cooperation
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Yearning for glory
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Youth getting their voices heard and aspirations fulfilled
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High yield generating activities for economic
growth
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Zombifying with empty promises
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Zealous promotion of activities to zoom into zenith of glory
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Zero in on unexplored and unexploited
potential for growth
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